Introduction “To achieve the promise of nanotechnology—an area that may yield the most important technological innovations of the first quarter of the 21st century—major innovations in measurement science and measurement technology are required.”  This quote, from the 2006 NIST Report, An Assessment of the United States Measurement System: Addressing Measurement Barriers to Accelerate Innovation[1], clearly states the criticality of instrumentation and characterization to the commercial success and implementation of nanotechnology.

 Introduction Environmental health and safety (EHS) in nanomanufacturing encompasses the work environment (occupational safety), as well as potential air, water, and waste impacts of nanomanufacturing processes.  More broadly, EHS issues can include potential impacts on the consumer, including safe use and disposal of consumer products containing nanomaterials.

Nanomanufacturing is the controllable manipulation of materials structures, components, devices, and systems at the nanoscale (1 to 100 nanometers) in one, two, and three dimensions for large-scale reproducibility of value-added components and devices. Nanomanufacturing remains the essential bridge between the discoveries of the nanosciences and real-world nanotechnology products.